Surrogates of Relationship Marketing and Bank Customer Retention: A Study of University Lecturers in Southeast Nigeria

The influx of banks in university campuses across Nigeria has motivated the need to unearth the most potent dimension(s), tool(s), or driver(s) of relationship marketing that significantly influence lecturers who are bank customers to retain patronage with a bank operating within a campus. The study was guided by a research schema which was the basis for the formulation of five conceptual hypotheses. Five relationship marketing tools – communication, commitment, trust, promise fulfillment, and social bonding – where all explored to determine their predictive power on a bank customer retention. A structured questionnaire was designed on a five-point like scale. Data collected were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC). Statistical support was found for all the dimension of relationship marketing as predictors of bank customer retention. However, commitment, trust, and promise fulfillment are the strongest or most potent predictors of bank customer retention, while communication and social bonding are weak predictors of bank customer retention of lecturers within university campuses. Hence, this study posits the Commitment-Trust-Promise Fulfilment Model of Relationship Marketing, thereby challenging Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Key recommendations, with their concomitant managerial implications, include: first, banks operating within university campuses should make adequate budgetary provision for the purpose of executing a sound relationship marketing programme for its bank customers who are university lecturers; second, training and retraining on a constant basis in the area of relationship marketing (with strong focus on commitment, trust, and promise fulfillment) can be conducted for the marketing staff of banks operating within the university campuses

Capitalizing on Nigeria’s demographic dividend: reaping the benefits and diminishing the burdens

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the eighth most populous country in the world, yet there is a dearth of published research about its demography. As Nigeria enters a period of potentially rapid economic growth due to the increase in the working-age population, it is critical to understand the demographic trends in the country. This paper examines the age and sex composition of Nigeria as it relates to various population characteristics using the two most recent Demographic and Health Surveys for Nigeria (2003 and 2008), as well as some data from the 2006 Census. It also highlights Nigeria’s demographic composition and trends using United Nations population projection data, and its implications for the country reaping the demographic dividend. Finally, it draws some conclusions and makes some policy recommendations based on the findings

The Effect of Corporate Governance Culture of Banks Financial Performance in Nigeria

This paper examines the effect of corporate governance culture of banks financial performance in Nigeria. The increased incidence of bank failure in the recent period generated the current literature on quality of bank assets and also emphasized good governance as means of achieving banks objectives. This study made use of secondary data obtained from the financial reports of nine (19) banks for a period of ten (10) years (2006- 2016). Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that poor asset quality (defined as the ratio of non-performing loan to credit) and loan deposit ratios negatively affect financial performance and vice visa in the banking sector. It is recommended that banks must strive to be a model for the advanced world in any substantial form they desire which could be in form of developing unique governance strategy that would be reckoned with globally and quicken the pace of applying international accounting conventions in all its financial operations (i.e. IFRS). Keywords: Agency theory, Corporate Governance, Corporate Governance Culture, Financial Performance, Stakeholders theory

BUILDING SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITY POLICING; CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA

This study sought to determine ways effective public support could be harnessed for community-policing project in order to assist the police to maintain security and work harmoniously with the public. Specifically, it sought to find out the extent the public is aware of the existence of community policing security project, its perceived effectiveness, possible challenges and likely support it requires to function as well as the envisaged implications for national security in Nigeria. A sample of 1000 Adult citizens drawn from Abia, Anambra, Enugu and Imo States in south east Nigeria using stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used for the study. Data was collected with the use of a 25-item Questionnaire titled. “Questionnaire on building effective support for community-policing for National security in Nigeria” (QBESCIN). This was complemented with focus group discussion sessions with police officers in the selected states. The instrument was validated by experts and appropriately tested for reliability. Percentages were employed in analyzing data. Findings among other things revealed that majority of the respondents are to a large extent aware of the existence of community-policing project even though certain related challenges such as resistance to change, lack of information/publicity, poor public-police relations etc seem to confront its viability. Correspondingly, it was unanimously agreed by respondents that community policing needed moral, financial, motivational and enlightenment support to work effectively. The implications for national security were identified in form of the need for better police-public relations, public mobilization and participation etc which are deemed strategic for effective performance of the police. These findings and implications were discussed and appropriate recommendations made on how community-policing could be used to support police operational effectiveness in south-east Nigeria

Impact of Public External Debt on Exchange Rate in Nigeria

With continuous increase in public expenditures, and low capital formation in many developing countries, many governments have resorted into borrowing either or both within and outside the country. However, most borrowings come with interest attached, which results in debt servicing. Serving external debt may involve demand for foreign currency which tends to affect the exchange rate of the country. Hence, this study examines the impact of public external debt on exchange rate in Nigeria. Using the Ordinary Least Square, on the secondary data sourced from the CBN and DMO among other sources, findings reveals that all the dependent variables, that is, external debt, debt service payment and foreign reserve proved to be statistically significant in explaining exchange rate fluctuation in Nigeria within the period of observation, with debt service payment having the strongest effect (Coeff: 0.4443). Based on the finding, the study recommends that government should ensure that all public borrowing, where and when necessary, be directed towards productive economic activities which can generate returns to service and pay up the debt at maturity. Keywords: Public Debt, Foreign reserve, Exchange rate, Expenditur

The Influence of Maternal Education on Childhood Survival Among Married Couples of Childbearing Age in Edo State, Nigeria

The main target of this paper was about childhood survival and how to continuously sustain it for socio-economic development. Thus, the study examined the extent of influence which maternal education has on childhood survival among married couples in Edo State of Nigeria. A sample size of six hundred (600) respondents was drawn by multi stage sampling method. Data were collected by social survey method comprising questionnaire and interview. The researchers were mainly interested in answers to the following research questions. (i) What are the likely causes of childhood mortality in Edo State? (ii) Can medical interventions without mother’s education be effective enough to reduce childhood mortality? And (iii) Does maternal education positively influence a child’s health and survival? Data analyses were based on percentage. Findings revealed some likely causes of childhood mortality, and considered education as the bedrock which makes other variables more effective for any course of action. Thus, maternal education positively influences a child’s health and survival because educated mothers are more knowledgeable to seek medical advice for their children. However, some recommendations were made on how to boost and sustain child survival rate. Keywords: Childhood Survival, Maternal Education, Mortality, Nigeria. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/63-04 Publication date: January 31st 202

Partnership Income Tax on Social and Economic Development in Nigeria

This research work examines the partnership income tax on social and economic development in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to examine how partnership income tax revenue contributes to social and economic development in Nigeria. Secondary data are obtained from relevant literatures such as Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics publications. Data were tested using the Ordinary Least Square Linear Regression model. Findings show that, partnership Income Tax Revenue is making a unique significant contribution to the social and economic development in Nigeria and composition of the GDP. It is concluded that the results affirmed a rise in the income tax from partnership firms leads to an increase in social and economic development in Nigeria. It is recommended that government should ensure effective utilization of the income accrued taxation to encourage continuity in tax payment by the tax payers. Keywords: Economic Development, Gross Domestic Products, Partnership, Partnership Income Tax, Personal Income Tax, Social Development DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/10-6-03 Publication date:March 31st 201

The Electronic Banking System and Efficient Service Delivery in the Banking Sector

The study examined the E-banking system effective service delivery in the banking system. The basic issue is the poor service delivery, despite the introduction of the e-banking technology meant to enhance efficiency. There is also the issue of incessant complaints by the customers on issues of quality and pro-activeness of banking service notwithstanding the E-banking technology. The study made use of survey research design, using structured questionnaire to gather data on issues and subjects of e-banking and service delivery. The binomial test was used. The study revealed that although the E-banking technology is an effective and reliable system but the state of the technology applied in Nigeria and the poor remuneration of staff with poor technological knowledge of customers have combined in reducing the efficiency of service delivery by the banking sector despite the E-banking technology. It was, however, recommended that a good remuneration, technology education and flexibility but innovative technology utilization will combine to lift the performance of the E-banking technology. Keywords: e-banking, technology,  cashless society

Case-by-Collaboration: An Adaptable Soft Skills-Based Educational Model for Health Disciplines

Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold and consisted of the development of a skills-based model for Case-by-Collaboration (CBC) and the collection of qualitative data from students and teachers aimed at answering the research question: What skills do individuals (students) apply during the completion of a hypothetical medical laboratory management-based Case-by-Collaboration capstone project? Method: A consensual qualitative research design was selected for this study. Students and their instructors from three Medical Laboratory Science programs located in Texas, New York, and Missouri were recruited. Students were given a case that centers on the fictitious Cheapskate Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). The project culminated when each team presented their proposal to become the sole provider of laboratory testing services to the Cheapskate HMO Board of Directors (BOD). The project was initially designed to be accessed and completed online, where students from different institutions would come together and remotely complete the requirements. Data were collected through in-person observations of the final presentation, semi-structured interviews with students and instructors, and analysis of project documents. Data was coded, and transcripts were reviewed numerous times. Two strategies were employed to ensure the integrity of the study. First, the coded data were examined across the data collection strategies, transcripts containing the data, and the themes identified by a researcher and an outside auditor. Secondly, an audit trail was established to document how the data were collected and analyzed, along with documentation of the thought processes used in the data interpretation phase of the project. Results: The current study analyzed responses from 36 students and 5 instructors across the three data collection sites. Seven themes, in the form of skill sets, were identified in the data analyzed:1) information technology, 2) collaboration/team building, 3) verbal and written communication, 4) clinical reasoning, 5) creativity, 6) managerial, and 7) research/investigative. Conclusion: These results suggest the CBC can develop desirable soft skills. This model can be transferrable and apply to CBCs independent of the studied content. Thus, the CBC is an innovative model to teach soft skills across health disciplines

Primera iglesia congregacional

La primera iglesia congregacional que se construía en Sunnyvale (California) había de ser estudiada con extraordinario cuidado, para que expresara, por sí misma, la verdadera integridad espiritual y de función para que era creada